What is Narcolepsy?

Narcolepsy usually doesn't appear until a person is between 15 and 25 years old, although it can show up earlier or later, depending on the triggers. When we're considering the question what is narcolepsy, we also need to look at the causes and effects of this disorder that are as complex as the condition itself.

Scientists believe that low levels of the brain chemical, hypocretin, play a significant role in causing narcolepsy. Other causes of narcolepsy may include infection, disease or injury to the brain, hormonal fluctuations, and a genetic predisposition to the condition. Heredity is the contributing factor in 8 to 12 percent of sufferers.

• Cataplexy - sudden muscle weakness accompanied by the onset of intense emotion;

• Hallucinations - vivid dream-like visions or delusions; and/or

• Sleep paralysis - an inability to move or speak when falling asleep or waking up.

Typically a comprehensive physical exam, accompanied by the recording of your medical history, are the first steps your doctor will take. He or she will likely order a polysomnogram and a multiple sleep latency test, as well.

Both of these sleep studies are painless and provide a way of monitoring your sleep cycles and body functions (such as heartbeat, brainwaves, muscle tone, breathing, and eye movements) while you sleep and when you're awake.

Although there is no cure for narcolepsy, there are treatments options that can help control the condition.

Lifestyle accommodations and sleep scheduling can help reduce symptoms. These include taking three or more scheduled naps during the day, eating light meals during the day, and avoiding alcohol.

There are also medications that help counter sleepiness and cataplexy. Stimulants are sometimes prescribed to curtail bouts of daytime sleepiness. Antidepressant medicine may help with muscle weakness and related symptoms.

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Article: What is Narcolepsy

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